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🛡️ Kaligtasan at Infection Prevention · Aralin 1 sa 6 · 7 min

Contact, Droplet, Airborne: Piliin ang Tamang Pinto

Contact, Droplet, Airborne: Pick the Right Door

😷 Ang measles ay puwedeng manatili sa hangin ng kuwarto nang dalawang oras pagkaalis ng pasyente. Ang influenza ay bumabagsak sa sahig sa loob ng ilang talampakan. Ang C. diff ay hindi tinatablan ng hand sanitizer. Tatlong sakit, tatlong magkakaibang kuwarto.

😷 Measles can hang in the air of a room for two hours after the client leaves. Influenza falls to the floor within a few feet. C. diff laughs at hand sanitizer. Three diseases, three completely different rooms.

💡 Pangunahing ideya

Contact: gown at gloves. Droplet: surgical mask pagpasok sa kuwarto. Airborne: N95 at negative-pressure room. C. diff: sabon at tubig, hindi sanitizer lang.

Contact: gown and gloves. Droplet: surgical mask on entering the room. Airborne: N95 and a negative-pressure room. C. diff: soap and water, never sanitizer alone.

🧠 Bakit mahalaga

Ang STANDARD precautions ay para sa lahat: hand hygiene, gloves para sa body fluids, at sharps safety. Nagdaragdag ang CONTACT precautions ng gown at gloves at pribadong kuwarto o cohorting: MRSA, VRE, Clostridioides difficile, scabies, RSV, rotavirus at mga sugat na may drainage. Para sa C. diff, maghugas gamit ang SABON AT TUBIG dahil hindi pinapatay ng alcohol ang spores, at gumamit ng bleach sa paglilinis. Nagdaragdag ang DROPLET precautions ng surgical mask, na isinusuot pagpasok sa kuwarto: influenza, pertussis, mumps, rubella, meningococcal meningitis, pharyngeal diphtheria at mycoplasma pneumonia; nagsusuot ng surgical mask ang pasyente kapag inililipat. Nangangailangan ang AIRBORNE precautions ng negative-pressure room na nakasara ang pinto at N95 respirator na fit-tested sa iyo: tuberculosis, measles (rubeola), varicella at disseminated herpes zoster. Isang memory aid para sa airborne: My Chicken Hez TB, para sa measles, chickenpox, disseminated herpes zoster, tuberculosis. Ang varicella at disseminated zoster ay nangangailangan ng airborne at contact precautions.

STANDARD precautions apply to everyone: hand hygiene, gloves for body fluids, and sharps safety. CONTACT precautions add a gown and gloves and a private room or cohorting: MRSA, VRE, Clostridioides difficile, scabies, RSV, rotavirus and draining wounds. For C. diff, wash with SOAP AND WATER because alcohol does not kill spores, and use bleach for cleaning. DROPLET precautions add a surgical mask, put on when entering the room: influenza, pertussis, mumps, rubella, meningococcal meningitis, pharyngeal diphtheria and mycoplasma pneumonia; the client wears a surgical mask when transported. AIRBORNE precautions require a negative-pressure room with the door closed and an N95 respirator fit-tested to you: tuberculosis, measles (rubeola), varicella and disseminated herpes zoster. A memory aid for airborne: My Chicken Hez TB, for measles, chickenpox, disseminated herpes zoster, tuberculosis. Varicella and disseminated zoster need airborne plus contact precautions.

🏥 Sa totoong buhay

🚪 Inilagay ng isang bagong nurse ang pasyenteng pinaghihinalaang may tuberculosis sa karaniwang pribadong kuwarto na bukas ang pinto at nagsuot siya ng surgical mask. Pareho itong mali: napakaliit at lumulutang ang TB droplet nuclei; tanging fitted N95 ang nagsasala sa mga ito, at tanging negative pressure ang nagpapanatili sa mga ito sa labas ng hallway. Eksaktong ganitong bitag ang ilalagay ng exam na may kapani-paniwalang pero maling mask.

🚪 A new nurse puts a client with suspected tuberculosis in a regular private room with the door open and wears a surgical mask. Both choices fail: TB droplet nuclei are tiny and float; only a fitted N95 filters them, and only negative pressure keeps them out of the hallway. The exam will set exactly this trap with a plausible but wrong mask.

📌 Tandaan

  • Contact: MRSA, VRE, C. diff (sabon at tubig), scabies, RSVContact: MRSA, VRE, C. diff (soap and water), scabies, RSV
  • Droplet: flu, pertussis, mumps, rubella, at meningococcal meningitisDroplet: flu, pertussis, mumps, rubella, meningococcal meningitis
  • Airborne: TB, measles, varicella, disseminated zoster: N95 at negative pressureAirborne: TB, measles, varicella, disseminated zoster: N95 plus negative pressure

📖 Mga term sa araling ito

Standard precautions: Ang hand hygiene, protective equipment na angkop sa inaasahang exposure, at ligtas na paggamit ng sharps at injection na ginagawa sa bawat pasyente, anuman ang diagnosis.

Contact precautions: Gown at gloves para sa mga organismong naipapasa sa pamamagitan ng paghawak, tulad ng MRSA, VRE, C. difficile at scabies.

Droplet precautions: Surgical mask na isinusuot pagpasok sa kuwarto ng pasyenteng may influenza, pertussis, mumps, rubella o meningococcal meningitis.

Airborne precautions: Isang N95 respirator at negative-pressure room para sa tuberculosis, measles, varicella at disseminated zoster.

Negative-pressure room: Isang kuwartong humihila ng hangin papasok at inilalabas ito sa labas ng gusali para hindi makatakas ang mga airborne na organismo sa hallway.

SPIDERMAN (droplet precautions): meningococcal Sepsis, Scarlet fever, Strep throat, Parvovirus, Pneumonia (ilang uri), Pertussis, Influenza, Diphtheria, Epiglottitis, Rubella, Mumps, meningococcal Meningitis, Mycoplasma, Adenovirus: mga sakit na nangangailangan ng surgical mask pagpasok sa kuwarto.

MRS. WEE (contact precautions): Multidrug-resistant organisms, Respiratory syncytial virus, Skin infections (scabies, impetigo, herpes simplex), Wound infections (draining), Enteric infections (C. difficile), Eye infections (viral conjunctivitis): mga sakit na nangangailangan ng gown at gloves.

✅ Subukan ang sarili mo

Aling pasyente ang nangangailangan ng airborne precautions sa negative-pressure room?Which client requires airborne precautions in a negative-pressure room?
  1. Pasyenteng may active pulmonary tuberculosisA client with active pulmonary tuberculosis
  2. Pasyenteng may pertussis at paroxysmal na uboA client with pertussis and a paroxysmal cough
  3. Pasyenteng may influenza na madalas umuuboA client with influenza who is coughing frequently
  4. Pasyenteng may MRSA sa sugat sa operasyon na may drainageA client with MRSA in a draining surgical wound

Sagot: A · Pasyenteng may active pulmonary tuberculosis

Ang tuberculosis ay kumakalat sa pamamagitan ng napakaliit na airborne droplet nuclei. Ang influenza at pertussis ay droplet; ang impeksyon ng MRSA sa sugat ay contact.

Tuberculosis spreads by tiny airborne droplet nuclei. Influenza and pertussis are droplet; MRSA wound infection is contact.

Pagkatapos mag-alaga ng pasyenteng may Clostridioides difficile, aling hand hygiene ang tama?After caring for a client with Clostridioides difficile, which hand hygiene is correct?
  1. Alcohol-based hand rub sa loob ng 20 segundoAlcohol-based hand rub for 20 seconds
  2. Sapat na ang gloves langGloves alone are sufficient
  3. Chlorhexidine wipes sa ibabaw ng glovesChlorhexidine wipes on the gloves
  4. Sabon at tubigSoap and water

Sagot: D · Sabon at tubig

Nabubuhay ang spores ng C. diff sa alcohol. Natatanggal ang mga ito sa mekanikal na paghuhugas gamit ang sabon at tubig.

C. diff spores survive alcohol. Mechanical washing with soap and water removes them.

Ang pasyenteng may bacterial (meningococcal) meningitis ay kailangang pumunta sa CT. Aling precaution ang tama habang inililipat?A client with bacterial (meningococcal) meningitis must go to CT. Which precaution is correct during transport?
  1. Lagyan ng surgical mask ang pasyentePlace a surgical mask on the client
  2. Walang espesyal na precaution kapag nasa labas na ng kuwartoNo special precautions once outside the room
  3. Nagsusuot ng N95 respirator ang staff at walang suot ang pasyenteStaff wear N95 respirators and the client wears nothing
  4. Ikansela ang test hanggang matapos ang isolationCancel the test until isolation ends

Sagot: A · Lagyan ng surgical mask ang pasyente

Ang meningococcal meningitis ay droplet; nagsusuot ng surgical mask ang pasyente para pigilan ang mga droplet habang inililipat.

Meningococcal meningitis is droplet; the client wears a surgical mask to contain droplets during transport.

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