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📋 केयर व्यवस्थापन (Management of Care) · 7 मध्ये पाठ 5 · 7 min

Negligence, Malpractice, Assault, Battery, False Imprisonment: कानुनी नामहरू

Negligence, Malpractice, Assault, Battery, False Imprisonment

👩‍⚖️ कारण बिना बिरामीलाई बाँध्नु false imprisonment हो। सुई लगाउने धम्की दिनु assault हो। उनीहरूको इच्छा विरुद्ध लगाउनु battery हो। परीक्षाले कार्य वर्णन गर्नेछ र कानुनी नाम सोध्नेछ।

👩‍⚖️ Restrain a client without a reason, and that is false imprisonment. Threaten to give an injection, and that is assault. Give it against their will, and that is battery. The exam will describe the act and ask for the legal name.

💡 मुख्य कुरा

चार तत्त्वले malpractice प्रमाणित गर्छन्: duty, breach, causation, damages। Assault धम्की हो, battery स्पर्श हो, false imprisonment अनुचित थुनछेक हो।

Four elements prove malpractice: duty, breach, causation, damages. Assault is the threat, battery the touch, false imprisonment the unjustified confinement.

🧠 यो किन महत्त्वपूर्ण छ

NEGLIGENCE भनेको उचित सावधान व्यक्तिले जस्तो काम गर्न असफल हुनु हो; MALPRACTICE व्यावसायिक negligence हो। यो प्रमाणित गर्न चार तत्त्व चाहिन्छ: बिरामीप्रति DUTY, त्यो कर्तव्यको BREACH, CAUSATION, र DAMAGES। ASSAULT भनेको कसैलाई हानिकारक स्पर्शको डर पैदा गर्ने धम्की वा प्रयास हो; BATTERY भनेको वास्तविक अनिच्छित स्पर्श हो, जसमा consent बिना प्रक्रिया गर्नु पनि पर्छ। FALSE IMPRISONMENT भनेको औचित्य बिना बिरामीको स्वतन्त्रता सीमित गर्नु हो, जस्तै अर्डर बिना restraints लगाउनु वा competent बिरामीलाई जान नदिनु। DEFAMATION भनेको प्रतिष्ठा बिगार्ने झुटो कथन हो, बोलिएको (slander) वा लेखिएको (libel)। INVASION OF PRIVACY मा confidentiality को उल्लंघन पनि पर्छ। तपाईंको सबैभन्दा राम्रो सुरक्षा भनेको आफ्नो दायराभित्र सक्षम अभ्यास, नीति पालना, पूर्ण documentation, र स्पष्ट सञ्चार हो। Provider को अर्डर पालना गर्दैमा तपाईंले असुरक्षित भनी थाहा पाएको वा थाहा पाउनुपर्ने अर्डर पूरा गरेको माफ हुँदैन; त्यसमाथि प्रश्न उठाउनुहोस् र chain of command मा जानुहोस्।

NEGLIGENCE is failing to act as a reasonably prudent person would; MALPRACTICE is professional negligence. Proving it needs four elements: a DUTY to the client, a BREACH of that duty, CAUSATION, and DAMAGES. ASSAULT is a threat or attempt that makes someone fear harmful contact; BATTERY is the actual unwanted touching, which includes performing a procedure without consent. FALSE IMPRISONMENT is restricting a client's freedom without justification, such as applying restraints without an order or refusing to let a competent client leave. DEFAMATION is a false statement that harms reputation, spoken (slander) or written (libel). INVASION OF PRIVACY includes breaches of confidentiality. Your best protections are competent practice within your scope, following policy, thorough documentation, and clear communication. Following a provider's order does not excuse carrying out an order you knew or should have known was unsafe; question it and go up the chain of command.

🏥 वास्तविक जीवनमा

🛏️ एक नर्सले अन्योलमा परेका तर हिंसक नभएका बिरामीलाई भन्छिन्, 'फेरि ओछ्यानबाट निस्किनुभयो भने म तपाईंलाई बाँधिदिन्छु।' यो assault हो। पछि बिरामीलाई अर्डर बिना र विकल्पको प्रयास बिना बाँधिन्छ। यो false imprisonment हो, र सम्भवतः battery पनि। Bed alarm, sitter र provider लाई फोन गर्नु नै नर्सिङ हुन्थ्यो। धम्की भनेको मुद्दा थियो।

🛏️ A nurse tells a confused but non-violent client, 'If you get out of bed again, I'll tie you down.' Assault. The client is later restrained with no order and no attempt at alternatives. False imprisonment, and possibly battery. A bed alarm, a sitter and a call to the provider would have been nursing. The threat was a lawsuit.

📌 सम्झनुहोस्

  • Duty, breach, causation, damages: यी चार तत्त्वDuty, breach, causation, damages
  • Assault ले धम्क्याउँछ; battery ले छुन्छ; false imprisonment ले थुन्छAssault threatens; battery touches; false imprisonment confines
  • असुरक्षित अर्डर बचाउ होइन; प्रश्न उठाउनुहोस् र escalate गर्नुहोस्An unsafe order is not a defense; question it and escalate

✅ आफूलाई जाँच्नुहोस्

एक नर्सले स्पष्ट रूपमा अस्वीकार गरेका competent बिरामीलाई सुई लगाउँछिन्। कुन कानुनी शब्द लागू हुन्छ?A nurse administers an injection to a competent client who clearly refused it. Which legal term applies?
  1. Assault
  2. Negligence
  3. Defamation
  4. Battery

उत्तर: D · Battery

Battery भनेको जानाजान अनिच्छित शारीरिक सम्पर्क हो, अस्वीकृति हुँदाहुँदै दिइएको उपचार पनि सहित।

Battery is intentional unwanted physical contact, including treatment given over a refusal.

नर्सले अर्डर गरिएको side rails नउठाउँदा एक बिरामी लडेर कुकुर्चा (hip) भाँचिन्छ। Malpractice को कुन तत्त्व कुकुर्चा भाँचिनु हो?A client falls after a nurse fails to raise ordered side rails and sustains a hip fracture. Which element of malpractice is the fracture?
  1. Damages
  2. Breach
  3. Causation
  4. Duty

उत्तर: A · Damages

Damages भनेको वास्तवमा भोगिएको हानि हो। Rails नउठाउनु breach हो; तिनलाई जोड्ने लडाइ causation हो।

Damages are the actual harm suffered. The failure to raise the rails is the breach; the fall linking them is causation.

एक competent बिरामी चिकित्सकीय सल्लाह विरुद्ध (against medical advice) अस्पताल छोड्न चाहन्छन्। नर्सले 'सुरक्षाका लागि' ढोका बन्द गर्छिन्। नर्सले कुन कानुनी समस्या सिर्जना गरिन्?A competent client wants to leave the hospital against medical advice. The nurse locks the door 'for safety.' Which legal issue has the nurse created?
  1. Assault
  2. Libel (लेखिएको defamation)Libel (written defamation)
  3. Negligence (malpractice)
  4. False imprisonment

उत्तर: D · False imprisonment

Competent वयस्कले छोड्न सक्छ। कानुनी आधार बिना रोक्नु false imprisonment हो। नर्सले provider लाई जानकारी दिनुपर्छ र बिरामीलाई AMA फारममा साइन गर्न भन्नुपर्छ।

A competent adult may leave. Preventing it without legal grounds is false imprisonment. The nurse should inform the provider and ask the client to sign the AMA form.

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एपमा NCLEX जस्ता प्रश्न, XP र स्ट्रिक, नेपाली सहयोगसहित English मा। साइन अप चाहिँदैन।

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